Answers to Part 2
Q: What is the difference between the anterior pituitary gland and the posterior pituitary gland?
A: The anterior pituitary gland secretes 6 hormones, Prolactin, Leutenizing hormone, Human Growth hormone, Follicle-Stimulating hormone, Thyroid-Stimulating hormone, and Andrenalcorticotropic hormone. The anterior pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus through releasing hormones. The Posterior pituitary gland secretes 2 hormones, Oxytocin and ADH. The posterior pituitary gland is controlled by the hypothalamus through nerve impulses.
Q: What hormone from the anterior pituitary gland stimulates the thyroid gland? Where is it secreted? What is its function?
A: Thyroid Stimulating Hormone, it is secreted by the anterior pituitary gland, and it stimulates the thyroid gland.
Q: Name the other glands in the endocrine system, besides the pituitary gland
A: Adrenal gland, parathyroid gland, pancreas, ovaries, testes; much of which is controlled by the hypothalamus.
Q: Steroid and Peptide are the two broad types of hormones. Explain the difference between the two, draw a digram if necessary.
A: Peptide hormones are water-soluble and require ATP and a receptor protein to pass through a target cell’s membrane. Steroid hormones are lipid-soluble and can easily diffuse through a target cell’s membrane. Steroid hormones join with a protein receptor on the inside of the cell membrane. The hormone-receptor complex joins with a strand of DNA, which then produces a protein to be synthesized.
Q: What is the difference between the parathyroid and the thyroid gland?
A: The parathyroid glands are 4 small glands, located behind the thyroid gland. The Parathyroid produces PTH (Parathyroid hormone), which raises blood calcium levels by targeting the intestines to absorb calcium and the kidneys to reabsorb calcium from the bones into the blood. The thyroid gland secretes calcitonin and thyroxine, which lower blood calcium
Q: What hormone stimulates the thyroid and where does it come from?
A: TSH (Thyroid-Stimulating Hormone) stimulates the thyroid to release its hormones. TSH is secreted from and made in the anterior pituitary gland.
Q: Is this hypersecretion or hyposecretion of TSH? Thyroxin?
A: It is the hypersecretion of TSH, and the hyposecretion of thyroxin.
Q: Is TSH a tropic or non tropic hormone?
A: TSH is a tropic hormone, because it targets the thyroid gland, which is also part of the endocrine system.